Monthly Archives: February 2012

Hypnosis Research You Just Can’t Ignore

Are you considering making a change in your life? Is it time to kick that bad habit, to stop your pattern of self-sabotage, or improve your relationships? Maybe you’ve considered entering therapy but you approach the idea of talk therapy with skepticism. Well, you’re not alone.

Besides cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy is one of the most studied modes of behavioral change. Not only is it effective, it’s quick, simple, and safe.

Here is a quick overview of just some of that researched evidence to prove hypnotherapy is more than just a viable alternative to traditional psychotherapy. More details are below.

  • Hypnotherapy for stopping smoking has a 90% success rate, even after 3 years.
  • Hypnotherapy is 3 times more effective than the Nicotine Patch.
  • Hypnotherapy is 15 times more effective than Willpower.
  • Those that use hypnotherapy for stopping smoking as twice as likely to stay off than those that go it alone.
  • Patients that use hypnotherapy for losing weight lose twice the amount of weight, and continue to do so even 2 years after treatment.
  • Using hypnotherapy for weight loss makes it 30 times more likely you’ll lose the desired weight.
  • Using hypnotherapy simply for stress reduction significantly increases weight loss.
  • The use of hypnotherapy significantly reduces the frequency and severity of migraine headaches.
  • When combined with the use of anesthesia, hypnotherapy reduces pain and speeds recovery after surgery.
  • Hypnotherapy provides a reliable and significant reduction in both acute and chronic pain conditions.
  • 94% of methadone addicts treated with hypnotherapy remain drug free.
  • After 1 year, 77% of drug addicts treated with hypnotherapy stay clean.
  • Patients with bone fractures heal 41% faster when hypnotherapy is implemented.

Smoking Cessation Studies

  • 90.6% Success Rate for Stopping Smoking

Of 43 consecutive patients undergoing this treatment protocol, 39 reported remaining abstinent from tobacco use at follow-up (6 months to 3 years post-treatment). This represents a 90.6% success rate using hypnosis.

University of Washington School of Medicine, Depts. of Anesthesiology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2001 Jul;49(3):257-66. Barber J. 2

  • Hypnosis is Most Effective Method Says Largest Study Ever: 3 Times the Effectiveness of the Patch and 15 Times More Effective than Willpower.

Hypnosis is the most effective way of giving up smoking, according to the largest-ever scientific comparison of methods for breaking the habit. A meta-analysis statistically combining results of more than 600 studies of 72,000 people from America and Europe to compare various methods of quitting found that on average, hypnosis was over three times as effective as nicotine replacement and 15 times as effective as trying to quit alone.

University of Iowa, Journal of Applied Psychology, How One in Five Give Up Smoking. October 1992. (Also New Scientist, October 10, 1992.)

  • 87% Reported Abstinence From Tobacco Use With Hypnosis

A field study of 93 male and 93 female CMHC outpatients examined the facilitation of smoking cessation by using hypnosis. At 3-month follow-up, 86% of the men and 87% of the women reported continued abstinence from the use of tobacco using hypnosis.

Performance by gender in a stop-smoking program combining hypnosis and aversion. Johnson DL, Karkut RT. Adkar Associates, Inc., Bloomington, Indiana. Psychol Rep. 1994 Oct;75(2):851-7. PMID: 7862796 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

  •  81% Reported They Had Stopped Smoking After Hypnosis

Thirty smokers enrolled in an HMO were referred by their primary physicians for hypnotherapy treatment. Twenty-one patients returned after an initial consultation and received hypnosis for smoking cessation. At the end of treatment, 81% of those patients reported that they had stopped smoking, and 48% reported abstinence at 12 months post-treatment.

Texas A&M University, System Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX USA. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2004 Jan;52(1):73-81.Clinical hypnosis for smoking cessation: preliminary results of a three-session intervention. Elkins GR, Rajab MH. 

  • Hypnosis Patients Twice As Likely To Remain Smoke-Free After Two Years

Study of 71 smokers showed that after a two-year follow up, patients that quit with hypnosis were twice as likely to remain smoke-free than those who quit on their own.

Guided health imagery for smoking cessation and long-term abstinence. Wynd, CA. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2005; 37:3, pages 245-250. 

  • Hypnosis More Effective Than Drug Interventions For Smoking Cessation

While group hypnosis sessions evaluated at a less effective success rate (22% success) than individualized hypnosis sessions, group sessions were still demonstrated here as being more effective than pharmaceutical interventions for stopping smoking.

Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Descriptive outcomes of the American Lung Association of Ohio hypnotherapy smoking cessation program. Ahijevych K, Yerardi R, Nedilsky N. 

Weight Loss Studies

  • Hypnosis Over 30 Times More Effective than Control Group for Weight Loss

Investigated the effects of hypnosis in weight loss for 60 obese females, at least 20% overweight. Treatment included group hypnosis with metaphors for ego-strengthening, decision making and motivation, ideomotor exploration in individual hypnosis, and group hypnosis with maintenance suggestions. Hypnosis was more effective than a control group: an average of 17 lbs lost by the hypnosis group vs. an average of 0.5 lbs lost by the control group, on follow-up.

Cochrane, Gordon; Friesen, J. (1986). Hypnotherapy in weight loss treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 489-492. 

  • Two Years Later: Hypnosis Subjects Continued To Lose Significant Weight

109 people completed a behavioral treatment for weight management either with or without the addition of hypnosis. At the end of the 9-week program, both interventions resulted in significant weight reduction. At 8-month and 2-year follow-ups, the hypnosis subjects were found to have continued to lose significant weight, while those in the behavioral-treatment-only group showed little further change.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1985) 

  • Hypnosis Subjects Lost More Weight Than 90% of Others and Kept it Off

Researchers analyzed 18 studies comparing a cognitive behavioral therapy such as relaxation training, guided imagery, self-monitoring, or goal setting with the same therapy supplemented by hypnosis. Those who received the hypnosis lost more weight than 90 percent of those not receiving hypnosis and maintained the weight loss two years after treatment ended.

University of Connecticut, Storrs Allison DB, Faith MS. Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for obesity: a meta-analytic reappraisal. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(3):513-516. 

  • Hypnosis More Than Doubled Average Weight Loss

Study of the effect of adding hypnosis to cognitive-behavioral treatments for weight reduction, additional data were obtained from authors of two studies. Analyses indicated that the benefits of hypnosis increased substantially over time.

Kirsch, Irving (1996). Hypnotic enhancement of cognitive-behavioral weight loss treatments–Another meta-reanalysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64 (3), 517-519.

  • Hypnosis Showed Significantly Lower Post-Treatment Weights

Two studies compared overweight smoking and non-smoking adult women in an hypnosis-based, weight-loss program. Both achieved significant weight losses and decreases in Body Mass Index. Follow-up study replicated significant weight losses and declines in Body Mass Index. The overt aversion and hypnosis program yielded significantly lower post-treatment weights and a greater average number of pounds lost.

Weight loss for women: studies of smokers and nonsmokers using hypnosis and multi-component treatments with and without overt aversion.Johnson DL, Psychology Reprints. 1997 Jun;80(3 Pt 1):931-3. 

  • Hypnotherapy for Stress Reduction Lost Significantly More Weight

Random, controlled, parallel study of two forms of hypnotherapy (directed at stress reduction or energy intake reduction), vs. dietary advice alone in 60 obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea on nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

J Stradling, D Roberts, A Wilson and F Lovelock, Chest Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK 

  • Hypnosis Can More than Double the Effects of Traditional Weight Loss Approaches

An analysis of five weight loss studies reported in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in 1996 showed that the, “weight loss reported in the five studies indicates that hypnosis can more than double the effects” of traditional weight loss approaches.

University of Connecticut, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in 1996 (Vol. 64, No. 3, pgs 517-519). 

  • Weight Loss is Greater when Hypnosis is Utilized

Research into cognitive-behavioral weight loss treatments established that weight loss is greater where hypnosis is utilized. It was also established that the benefits of hypnosis increase over time.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1996)

  • Showed Hypnosis As “An Effective Way To Lose Weight”

A study of 60 females who were at least 20% overweight and not involved in other treatment showed hypnosis is an effective way to lose weight.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1986)


Pain Control Studies

  • Hypnosis Reduces Frequency and Intensity of Migraines

Compared the treatment of migraine by hypnosis and autohypnosis with the treatment of migraines by the drug Prochlorperazine (Stemetil). Results show that the number of attacks and the number of people who suffered blinding attacks were significantly lower for the group receiving hypnotherapy than for the group receiving Prochlorperazine. For the group on hypnotherapy, these two measures were significantly lower when on hypnotherapy than when on the previous treatment. It is concluded that further trials of hypnotherapy are justified against some other treatment not solely associated with the ingestion of tablets.

Anderson JA, Basker MA, Dalton R, Migraine and hypnotherapy, International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis 1975; 23(1): 48-58.

  • Hypnosis Reduces Pain and Speeds up Recovery from Surgery

Since 1992, we have used hypnosis routinely in more than 1400 patients undergoing surgery. We found that hypnosis used with patients as an adjunct to conscious sedation and local anesthesia was associated with improved intraoperative patient comfort, and with reduced anxiety, pain, intraoperative requirements for anxiolytic and analgesic drugs, optimal surgical conditions and a faster recovery of the patient. We reported our clinical experience and our fundamental research.

[Hypnosis and its application in surgery] Faymonville ME, Defechereux T, Joris J, Adant JP, Hamoir E, Meurisse M, Service d’Anesthesie-Reanimation, Universite de Liege, Rev Med Liege. 1998 Jul;53(7):414-8.

  • Hypnosis Reduces Pain Intensity

Analysis of the simple-simple main effects, holding both group and condition constant, revealed that application of hypnotic analgesia reduced report of pain intensity significantly more than report of pain unpleasantness.

Dahlgren LA, Kurtz RM, Strube MJ, Malone MD, Differential effects of hypnotic suggestion on multiple dimensions of pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management. 1995; 10(6): 464-70. 

  • Hypnosis Reduces Pain of Headaches and Anxiety

The improvement was confirmed by the subjective evaluation data gathered with the use of a questionnaire and by a significant reduction in anxiety scores.

Melis PM, Rooimans W, Spierings EL, Hoogduin CA, Treatment of chronic tension-type headache with hypnotherapy: a single-blind time controlled study. Headache 1991; 31(10): 686-9.

  • Hypnosis Lowered Post-treatment Pain in Burn Injuries

Patients in the hypnosis group reported less post treatment pain than did patients in the control group. The findings are used to replicate earlier studies of burn pain hypnoanalgesia, explain discrepancies in the literature, and highlight the potential importance of motivation with this population.

Patterson DR, Ptacek JT, Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997; 65(1): 60-7. 

  • Hypnosis Lowered Phantom Limb Pain

Hypnotic procedures appear to be a useful adjunct to established strategies for the treatment of phantom limb pain and would repay further, more systematic, investigation. Suggestions are provided as to the factors that should be considered for a more systematic research program.

Treatment of phantom limb pain using hypnotic imagery. Oakley DA, Whitman LG, Halligan PW, Department of Psychology, University College, London, UK. 

  • Hypnosis Has a Reliable and Significant Impact on Acute and Chronic Pain

Hypnosis has been demonstrated to reduce analogue pain, and studies on the mechanisms of laboratory pain reduction have provided useful applications to clinical populations. Studies showing central nervous system activity during hypnotic procedures offer preliminary information concerning possible physiological mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia. Randomized controlled studies with clinical populations indicate that hypnosis has a reliable and significant impact on acute procedural pain and chronic pain conditions. Methodological issues of this body of research are discussed, as are methods to better integrate hypnosis into comprehensive pain treatment.

Hypnosis and clinical pain. Patterson DR, Jensen MP, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA 98104 Psychol Bull. 2003 Jul;129(4):495-521.

  • Hypnosis is a Powerful Tool in Pain Therapy, Biologically and Psychologically

Attempting to elucidate cerebral mechanisms behind hypnotic analgesia, we measured regional cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography in patients with fibromyalgia, during hypnotically induced analgesia and resting wakefulness. The patients experienced less pain during hypnosis than at rest. The cerebral blood-flow was bilaterally increased in the orbitofrontal and subcallosial cingulate cortices, the right thalamus, and the left inferior parietal cortex, and was decreased bilaterally in the cingulate cortex. The observed blood-flow pattern supports notions of a multifactorial nature of hypnotic analgesia, with an interplay between cortical and subcortical brain dynamics. Copyright 1999 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

Functional anatomy of hypnotic analgesia: a PET study of patients with fibromyalgia. Wik G, Fischer H, Bragee B, Finer B, Fredrikson M, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Eur J Pain. 1999 Mar;3(1):7-12. 

  • Hypnosis Useful in Hospital Emergency Rooms

Hypnosis can be a useful adjunct in the emergency department setting. Its efficacy in various clinical applications has been replicated in controlled studies. Application to burn trauma, pain, pediatric procedures, surgery, psychiatric presentations (e.g., coma, somatoform disorder, anxiety, and post traumatic stress), and obstetric situations (e.g., hyperemesis, labor, and delivery) are described.

Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2000 May;18(2):327-38, x. The use of hypnosis in emergency medicine. Peebles-Kleiger MJ, Menninger School of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Menninger Clinic, Topeka, KS, USA. peeblemj@menninger.edu 

Drug Addiction Studies

  • Significantly More Methadone Addicts Quit with Hypnosis. 94% Remained Narcotic Free

Significant differences were found on all measures. The experimental group had significantly less discomfort and illicit drug use, and a significantly greater amount of cessation. At six month follow up, 94% of the subjects in the experimental group who had achieved cessation remained narcotic free.

A comparative study of hypnotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of methadone addicts. Manganiello AJ, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1984; 26(4): 273-9. 

  • Hypnosis Shows 77 Percent Success Rate for Drug Addiction

Treatment has been used with 18 clients over the last 7 years and has shown a 77 percent success rate for at least a 1-year follow-up. 15 were being seen for alcoholism or alcohol abuse, 2 clients were being seen for cocaine addiction, and 1 client had a marijuana addiction.

Intensive Therapy: Utilizing Hypnosis in the Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorders. Potter, Greg, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Jul 2004. 

  •  Raised Self-esteem & Serenity, Lowered Impulsivity and Anger

In a research study on self-hypnosis for relapse prevention training with chronic drug/alcohol users participants were 261 veterans admitted to Substance Abuse Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs (SARRTPs). Individuals who used repeated self-hypnosis “at least 3 to 5 times a week,” at 7-week follow-up, reported the highest levels of self-esteem and serenity, and the least anger/impulsivity, in comparison to the minimal-practice and control groups.

American Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy (a publication of the American Psychological Association). 2004 Apr;46(4):281-97) 

  •  Hypnosis For Cocaine Addiction Documented Case Study

Hypnosis was successfully used to overcome a $500 (five grams) per day cocaine addiction. The subject was a female in her twenties. After approximately 8 months of addiction, she decided to use hypnosis in an attempt to overcome the addiction itself. Over the next 4 months, she used hypnosis three times a day and at the end of this period, her addiction was broken, and she has been drug free for the past 9 years. Hypnosis was the only intervention, and no support network of any kind was available.

The use of hypnosis in cocaine addiction. Page RA, Handley GW, Ohio State University, Lima, OH USA 45804. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1993 Oct;36(2):120-3.

  •  Healed 41% Faster from Fracture

Two studies from Harvard Medical School show hypnosis significantly reduces the time it takes to heal. Study One: Six weeks after an ankle fracture, those in the hypnosis group showed the equivalent of eight and a half weeks of healing. Study Two: Three groups of people studied after breast reduction surgery. Hypnosis group healed “significantly faster” than supportive attention group and control group.

Harvard Medical School, Carol Ginandes and Union Institute in Cincinnati, Patricia Brooks, Harvard University Gazette Online athttp://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/05.08/01-hypnosis.html.

Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places?

Love Matters, Part 1

With Valentine’s Day fast approaching, many people around the world are starting to feel the pressure that comes with being single at this time of the year. And even though many individuals profess to being single by choice, others find the search for true love a heartbreaking and arduous chore.

Besides the issues of gender roles in society, cultural norms and family values also play a role in choosing a mate. And to complicate matters further, individual preferences, geographic location, and financial and time commitments must be considered. And beyond even those factors, many folks have great difficulty with confidence, shying away from dating as fear and anxiety take hold.  So, how on Earth are we supposed to find not just a mate, but also a life partner with whom we can share love?

For many it seems hopeless.

But all is not lost. My mother used to say to me, “There are a lot of fish in the sea.” And always I replied, “I only need one, though I’d prefer a human.” Putting that bad joke aside, when you remember that there are billions of people on this planet, it’s almost inevitable that there is someone for everyone. But where are they all hiding?

You’ve heard the phrase, “Looking for love in all the wrong places.”  Many singles are given advice, however well intentioned, to troll the bars, clubs, coffee shops, and book stores in search for The One. Yet, I find it’s not the place that matters but where you’re meeting someone. “Wait, what?” Let me explain.

There is a universal law that states that like attracts like. You’ve seen this before. Sports enthusiasts tend to hang out together.  Animal lovers often adopt pets that look similar or have common traits, like diseases or habits. And I’m sure I don’t need to mention that individuals are more likely to seek out partners that look and talk like them. Like attracts like. But this concept doesn’t only apply to the outside- its much more than that.

Each and every individual on this great earth demonstrates parts of his or her internal landscape to the external world. It’s often quite obvious, really. Aren’t you able to perceive when someone is happy or sad, confident or insecure?  Our posture, facial expressions, stride, and breathing patterns are all tells for how we’re feeling. And you don’t need to be an expert to pick up on the major factors for attraction (which I wouldn’t constrain to the visual meaning), which are listed here in order of importance.

Attractors in Women Attractors in Men
 Her smile  His level of confidence
 Her eyes  His ambition
 How she moves  A sense of humor
 How she talks  His passion

Based on these recent research results, in order to be “attractive” women need only smile and convey a sense of self-assuredness.  Men are found more “attractive” by embodying confidence and an easy, fun demeanor. And that’s all well and good. But what if you’re insecure, feeling defeated by a host of failed dates, or lonely? These traits will make your smile, when you do give it, less genuine, you movements more closed and rigid, and your eyes and speech muted and flat.  All of this, according to the law of like attracts like will get you more of what you already have- singlehood.

Finding The One isn’t about looking more places or simply approaching more people. It’s directly correlated with your feelings about yourself.

 

There is something you can do to enhance your self-worth. Your concept of yourself and what you believe you can and can’t do is mutable, unlike your stature. You’re not doomed to a life alone- unless you’re unwilling to make a change.

Here are some tips for improving your confidence and self-esteem so that you’re putting your best You forward and emanating a light that draws others to you.  Ready?

  • Focus on you, not them. Develop your talents, take good care of your body, pursue your interests, and work out any emotional issues you’re carrying.  Get a life coach or therapist, if necessary.  It’s not all about looks, but if a makeover makes you feel better, go for it!  Most importantly, make You amazing!
  • Practice confidence. Start looking for role models that embody confidence, rather than cockiness. Pretend you’re as confident as they are, by copying their posture, breathing deep in your belly, and speaking clearly and audibly. It’s ok to fake it until you make it! And while you’re rehearsing confidence, remember all the great qualities you have so that when you do meet someone you know you’re worthy of them- and happiness.
  • Be mindful. Rather than allowing yourself to be a victim of your own insecurities and anxieties, take charge of the situation by diverting your attention to the present moment. Instead of worrying what’s going to happen next, focus on your breath, listen to the sounds around you, and wiggle your glorious toes. There is beauty and perfection everywhere you look, and the more you live in gratitude, the more your positive attitude will attract someone with an equally wonderful outlook. Now, that’s happiness.

For those of you already coupled, I haven’t forgotten about you! Read Part 2, complete with tools and tips to keep your relationship full of love and spice.

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